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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumnig</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Нефть и газ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oil and Gas Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0445-0108</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8174</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Industrial University of Tyumen</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31660/0445-0108-2026-3-46-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZNWBHC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumnig-1471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БУРЕНИЕ СКВАЖИН И РАЗРАБОТКА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DRILLING OF WELLS AND FIELDS DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор технологий деметаллизации тяжелого нефтяного сырья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review of technologies for demetallization of heavy oil raw materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атрощенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atroshchenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атрощенко Валерий Валерьевич, аспирант 2 года обучения, лаборант</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Atroshchenko, Second Year Postgraduate Student, Laboratory Assistant</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atroshchenkovv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаматдинов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamatdinov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаматдинов Ирек Изаилович, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irek I. Mukhamatdinov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Leading Researcher, Associate Professor</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iimuhamatdinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Атрощенко В.В., Мухаматдинов И.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атрощенко В.В., Мухаматдинов И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atroshchenko V.V., Mukhamatdinov I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://tumnig.tyuiu.ru/jour/article/view/1471">https://tumnig.tyuiu.ru/jour/article/view/1471</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен систематический обзор современных технологий деметаллизации тяжелого нефтяного сырья. Высокое содержание ванадия, никеля и кальция в форме стабильных металлопорфириновых комплексов — критическая проблема для нефтепереработки, приводящая к быстрой необратимой дезактивации катализаторов гидроочистки и крекинга вследствие блокировки пор и отравления активных центров. Проведен критический анализ как установленного промышленного метода гидродеметаллизации с указанием присущих ему недостатков (высокая энергоемкость, расход водорода и дезактивация катализаторов), так и широкого спектра инновационных альтернативных подходов. К таким подходам относятся передовые сорбционные и хелатирующие методы с использованием функционализированных материалов на основе диоксида кремния и полимеров (например, терполимера APEAA-HEA-MA), электрохимические, микроволновые, сверхкритические и перспективные биоинженерные способы. Сравнительный анализ подчеркивает их эффективность, где степень удаления достигает 96 % для V, 91 % для Ni и 98 % для Ca. Рассмотрены технологии извлечения ценных металлов из перерабатываемых остатков, таких как отработанные катализаторы и зола. Сделан вывод, что будущее отрасли связано с разработкой интегрированных гибридных систем, сочетающих преимущества различных методов в рамках экономики замкнутого цикла для достижения оптимальных технико-экономических и экологических показателей при облагораживании тяжелых нефтей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article provides a systematic review of modern technologies for the demetallization of heavy oil raw materials. High concentrations of vanadium, nickel, and calcium in the form of stable metalloporphyrin complexes poses a critical challenge for the refining industry. This challenge causes rapid and irreversible deactivation of hydrotreating and cracking catalysts by pore blockage and poisoning active sites. The authors of this work conduct a critical analysis the established industrial method of hydrodemetallization and pointed out its inherent drawbacks (high energy intensity, hydrogen consumption, and catalyst decay). The researchers also analyze a wide spectrum of innovative alternative approaches. These approaches include advanced sorption and chelation techniques using functionalized silica and polymeric materials, such as the APEAA–HEA–MA terpolymer, as well as electrochemical, microwave-assisted, supercritical-fluid, and emerging bioengineering methods. A comparative analysis highlights the high efficiency of these methods, with removal rates reaching 96% for V, 91% for Ni l, and 98% for Ca. Furthermore, the article discusses technologies for recovering valuable metals from processing residues, such as spent catalysts and ash. The authors conclude that the future of the industry is linked to developing integrated hybrid systems, which combine the strengths of various methods within a circular economy framework to achieve optimal technical, economic, and environmental performance in heavy oil upgrading.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелое нефтяное сырье</kwd><kwd>деметаллизация</kwd><kwd>ванадий</kwd><kwd>никель</kwd><kwd>гидродеметаллизация</kwd><kwd>сорбенты</kwd><kwd>катализатор</kwd><kwd>дезактивация</kwd><kwd>извлечение металлов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heavy oil raw materials</kwd><kwd>demetallization</kwd><kwd>vanadium</kwd><kwd>nickel</kwd><kwd>hydrodemetallization</kwd><kwd>sorbents</kwd><kwd>catalyst</kwd><kwd>decontamination</kwd><kwd>and metal extraction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программы стратегического академического лидерства Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета (ПРИОРИТЕТ-2030)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was supported by the Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (Priority-2030).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurniawan Y. 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