The inorganic concept of the formation of oil and gas deposits, based on the thermonuclear synthesis of helium and carbon, greatly increases the prospects for oil and gas exploration and development. Nuclear synthesis of hydrogen, helium and carbon, the main chemical elements that form hydrocarbons, not only occurs in the core and mantle of the Earth, but also energetically provides geosoliton depth migration of gases to deposits within the Earth's crust.

The object of our research is hydrogeochemical conditions of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin within Yamalo-Nenets oil and gas bearing region. The Mesozoic basin includes the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian, Neocomian and Jurassic hydrogeological complexes. These complexes contain thermal and mineralized water. The water exchange in the basin in question is significantly hampered; this is reflected in hydrogeochemical conditions. The article presents the distribution maps of water types in three complexes of the Mesozoic basin, maps of changes in the magnitude of mineralization and the content of the most valuable microcomponents (iodine and bromine). It has been established that with the depth (from the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian to the Jurassic complex) the area of distribution of sodium bicarbonate-type water increases. Further directions of groundwater research in the region are noted.

The article gives valuable information on geodynamic monitoring. We created a geodynamical polygon to ensure the industrial safety of oil and gas production facilities. It was created on the Kogalym oil field for multiple repeated observations of recent deformation processes. Analysis and interpretation of the results of geodynamical monitoring: satellite observations, exploitation parameters of field development provided an opportunity to identify that an anthropogenic factor is one of the conditions for the formation of recent deformations of the Earth's surface.

The article describes a direct connection between the natural electric potential and the dynamics of the temperature of volcanoes using the examples of observation of the natural electric potential on the surfaces of volcanoes. If the upper part of the volcano is hotter, positive potential anomalies are recorded, and conversely, if the lower part of the volcanoes is hotter, negative anomalies of the same potential are recorded. At the same time, the temperature processes occurring at great depths, as a rule, are closely related to long-lived deep faults. Therefore, observations of the natural potential over these faults will allow controlling the dynamics of deep temperature processes. Given this new direction of the natural potential method and its effective application in the search for non-ferrous metal ores, there is a need to create the map of the natural electrical potential of Russia. As a result, small-scale map would allow us more precise limitation of ore fields and purposefully search for previously undiscovered deposits of metal ores. In addition, a small-scale map would make it possible to most accurately track the development of deep tectonic fault zones and to study them in relation to volcanic activity and seismic events. In this regard, the method of natural electric potential hodograph is considered as one of the possible ways to predict seismic events.

A significant role in ensuring the reliability of gas supply is played by underground gas storages, which are the most cost-effective objects for reserving natural gas. With all the originality of solving the issues of gas supply reliability by constructing underground gas storage in depleted gas condensate, gas and oil fields and aquifers, which are traditional methods, the absence of such geological conditions necessitates searching for other, unconventional methods of creating underground gas storages.

The article is devoted to features of the geological structure of Bazhenov formation. Gross spectral studies helped to study in detail the rocks composing the Bazhenov formation. In addition, specific data and publications characterizing paleontological and facies conditions of depositional basin sedimentation were considered. The results of the studies show only the organogenic nature of the origin of the lithological differences of Bazhenov deposits, confirm the need to change the algorithms for the interpretation of geophysical studies of wells. In the article, we reveal the regularities of changes in the recorded well values with the composition of rocks and their attachment to certain stratigraphic floors and the corresponding facies conditions. Also, we describe the concept of lithological dismemberment of Bazhenov formation by well testing and well performance.

The article is devoted to the usage of models of transition zones in the interpretation of geological and geophysical information. These models are graphs of the dependences of oil-saturation factors of the collectors on their height above the level with zero capillary pressure, taking into account the geological and geophysical parameter. These models are not recommended for estimating oilsaturation factors of collectors in the transition zone. The height of occurrence of the collector above the level of zero capillary pressure can be estimated from model of the transition zone that take into account the values of the coefficients of residual water saturation factor of the collectors, but only when the model of the transition zone is confirmed by data capillarimetry studies on the core.

The article contains information on the determination of the specific electrical resistivity of rocks by scanning magnetotelluric sounding method while searching for and exploring hydrocarbon deposits.

The relevance of the research processes filtration consolidation due to the place of water-saturated soils in various design solutions related to the exploration, production and transportation of hydrocarbons. It should be noted that the diversity of soils led to the emergence of a wide range of mathematical models, obtained on the basis of generalization of experimental data and various assumptions to simplify engineering calculations. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the mathematical model of the consolidation process of a water-saturated porous medium. This model is based on simplifying assumptions that are different from those adopted in well-known solutions. A fundamental approach to the formation of the model was developed on the basis of the kinetic representations of chemical reactions used in solving the environmental problems of epoxidation reactions of olefins. We determined the parameters of the mathematical model of the consolidation process of the saturated porous medium of clayey soil and confirmed its adequacy by the research results. In addition, we established the parameters of the field of non-equilibrium filtration, reducing the nonexistent ability of water-saturated soils.

The article considers the results of the study on the selection of chemical reagents to improve the rheological properties of the oil emulsion of the Kondinskoye oil field during transportation and dehydration of the emulsion. The studies have been carried out on an artificial emulsion. We describe a method of determining demulsifying activity of a reagent at a certain temperature mode of a preliminary water discharge plant. In addition, we give the results of the study with various chemical reagents, select the optimal mode of emulsion preparation. This experiment was conducted in order to select the most effective demulsifiers to improve the technology and economics of the field and transportation process. The optimal choice of type of demulsifier, mode of its application and places of entry guarantee high quality of oil preparation. The following demulsifiers could be used in the process: DE-4, DE-6, and DE-9. The result of using these reagents is an optimal reagent flow rate per ton of fluid and a maximum amount of water separated from the emulsion over a certain time.

The article is devoted to questions of environmental risk assessment. The subject relevance consists in normative introduction of risk assessment requirements for many activity fields connected with danger or result uncertainty. The purpose of the article is ecological damages assessment and environmental risks in case of accident on main and technological oil pipelines. A task of the study is an application possibility consideration of regulatory ecological requirements together with the environmental risks valuation methods accepted now by the oil and gas companies. During a solution of an objective the environmental risks assessment technique was developed for the ecological management systems of the oil and gas companies.

Today, the efficiency of transportation of natural gas is of paramount importance. Within this framework, the design and operation of compressor stations are a key factor significantly influencing the operating costs of gas transmission companies. Such conditions are characterized by a growing level of complexity, not only the choice of gas compression technology, but also the integration of systems due to energy needs, including electricity, heat, and cooling. The problems associated with fossil fuel prices, resources and environmental impact have led to increased efforts to develop more efficient systems in recent decades. One way to do this is to create several outlets in one system, which are the simultaneous generation of energy, heat, and cooling from the combustion of natural gas. The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for the implementation of innovative trigenerative optimization of the compressor station. At the same time, as part of the study, an exergy analysis was applied, which is aimed at assessing the energy efficiency of the selected trigenerative system. The data obtained indicate the possibility of not only introducing the adopted trigenerative configuration, but also of its individual elements to improve the energy efficiency of the system as a whole.

The article presents the results of the calculation of stresses and strains of the structure of the Ripper rack, made in the form of a flexible tubular element, under loading by internal pressure and external force. The finite element method implemented in the ANSYS program was used for the research. The problems of constructing a grid model of a tubular element were solved, displacements of the free end and stresses under the action of internal pressure were determined, the maximum allowable pressure value was found. The horizontal component of the force of influence of the soil on the cultivator, in which there is a loss of stability, is determined. The soil resistance forces were determined by numerical methods depending on the shape of the paw and the speed of movement.

One of the most important criteria for ensuring the safe operation of the facility and increasing its durability is its reliability. Ensuring the safe operation of pipelines is in many ways a problem of increasing their reliability and durability and seems to be a complex task, which includes solving technical and technological, as well as economic and organizational aspects. To date, emergencies related to the rupture and damage to steel pipelines because of their operational wear and exposure to external factors are still the most frequent cause of accidents in the oil field. Despite the fact that numerous studies are devoted to this problem, at present it has not yet been completely resolved, and many questions still remain open. In this article, we are considering the prospects of using fiberglass and polymer-metal pipes in the oil and gas industry as an alternative to steel pipes.

According to the annual reports of oil companies, there is an increase in the production of high-viscosity and ultra-high-viscosity oil. At the same time, responsibility for the transportation of the product, which can occur under unsteady conditions and lead to emergency situations, is intensified. Thus, a forced shutdown of an oil pipeline during transportation of high-viscosity oil can cause the product to cool below critical temperatures, and further launch of the oil pipeline will be impossible. In this regard, the task of calculating the safe shutdown time of the oil pipeline has particular relevance. We have carried out a numerical study to determine the effect of the structural features of the heat stabilizer during the cooling time of oil in a stopped oil pipeline. The values of the cooling time of oil from the action of heat stabilizers, made by various manufacturers, were established. In addition, the effect of the length of the evaporation part and the installation distance of the heat stabilizer from the oil pipeline during the cooling time was studied.

The article deals with the results of a complex physical and chemical study of gas condensates. The research was carried out on gas condensates of the Pyakyakhinskoye gas condensate of productive formation BU18 in perforation intervals 3 153–3 277 m, 3 208–3 239 m, 3 455–4 060 m, 3 685–4 293 m, 3 781–4 429 m. Attention to this topic is due to the fact that this information is necessary for the calculation of reserves of natural resources, design, development of the field, and optimal technological solutions for its processing.

The article presents the results of the study of the geological structure of oil and gas deposits in Botuobinsky horizon, affecting the gasification of producing wells and gas breakthrough into the oil rim in the conditions of field development. In the course of the research, a characteristic of the reservoir was given, and the optimal gas-free flow rate was determined by a computational method, which allows us to limit the gas inflow for the operating conditions of the Srednebotuobinskoye oil and gas condensate field. The field under consideration is one of the unique storehouses of the East-Siberian oil cluster located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The main factors influencing the effective development of oil reserves of gas and oil deposits within the Central block and the Kurung license area are substantiated.

 The article presents experimental data on testing synthetic CaA-type zeolite for the purification of isopentane fractions from impurities of normal pentane. The separation of hydrocarbon mixtures the components of which are close in physicochemical constants is of particular difficulty in the technological processes of petrochemical production, while conventional methods cannot provide the required degree of separation, which is also characteristic of pentane isomers. It is shown that for the separation of substances, based on the difference in the size and shape of the molecules, a domestic CaA-type zeolite can be successfully used. Research methods and conditions of paraffin hydrocarbon sorption-desorption on a laboratory flow-through unit are described. It has been found that the adsorption capacity of zeolite under the experimental conditions is 11,8 g of n-pentane per 100 g of zeolite, with a purity of the purified fraction not lower than 99 %. Based on the results obtained, optimal conditions for the process of isopentane fraction purification have been selected.

Reactive power has a significant impact on the parameters of the power supply system in the oil and gas industry; as a result, there is a decrease in the quality of the electric network. The relevance of the study is justified by the tasks of improving the quality of electricity in the load nodes consisting of asynchronous motors, one of which is the reactive power compensation, including the calculation and automatic regulation of compensating devices. The aim of the article is to design and research a reactive power compensation control system to improve the quality of electricity. The article proposes a solution to the actual problem of reactive power compensation based on the proposed power quality control algorithm. The system of automatic control of reactive power compensation developed in the Matlab and Simulink software package allows us to generate parameters according to current measurements and adjust the voltage when the load operation mode changes. The use of MOSFET transistors in the control system made it possible to create the necessary compensation currents with a low content of higher harmonics that create distortions in the supply voltage and ensure high speed of the reactive power compensation unit operation.

Metallographic analysis and thermal conductivity analysis of series of light aluminum alloys with silicon content from 0 to 12 % (by weight) and additionally alloyed with iron 1 % (by weight) were carried out. It is shown that with an increase in the silicon content in the alloy above 4–6 % (by weight), the size of silicon crystals increases significantly with a simultaneous increase in the values of thermal conductivity. The article assesses the effect of iron on thermophysical properties and shows the correlation of thermal conductivity at different temperatures with the morphology of silicon in alloys with silicon content from 0 to 12 % (by weight) and additionally alloyed with iron 1 % (by weight). It is shown that alloy with a silicon content of 4 % by weight has a balanced reserve of thermophysical properties due to the structural features of the morphology of the components.

The production and use of oil from ancient times to the present is an important element of the life support of human society, since it can be the basis for obtaining new knowledge in the field under study. Despite the availability of publications on this topic, there is a gap in understanding the heritage of the past. The available publications do not contain a systematics of the dynamics of crude oil production in the Caucasus in the historical context, detailing the nature of the development of crude oil production, which has long been the center of oil production. This follows from the paucity of scientific research on the identified problem, including in aspects of the development of production and processing technology, ownership of oil fields and volumes of extraction of mineral raw materials. The aim of the study is to fill the gap by systematizing the available information on crude oil production and refining in the historical context. The results of the study include the formulation of production prospects in the North Caucasus using the example of the Republic of Chechnya and The Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, an assessment of the role of Russia in the development of crude oil production and the role of the oil industry in ensuring the efficient functioning of the economy. The article indicates a new direction for reducing the cost of oil and increasing its competitiveness due to the benefit of associated production products by the example of the integration of underground processes of oil pyrolysis and leaching of metals from the host rocks.