The production of hydrocarbons is associated with a change in the physical and mechanical properties of oil and gas reservoirs under the influence of rock and reservoir pressures. Deformation of the reservoir due to a drop in reservoir pressure leads to the formation of various natural and man-made geodynamic and geomechanical phenomena, one of which is the formation of a subsidence trough of the earth's surface, which leads to a violation of the stability of field technological objects.

In order to ensure geodynamic safety, a set of works is used, which includes analysis of geological and field indicators and geological and tectonic models of the field, interpretation of aerospace photographs, identification of active faults, construction of a predictive model of subsidence of the earth's surface of the field with identification of zones of geodynamic risk.

This work was carried out to assess the predicted parameters of rock displacement processes during field development; even insignificant disturbances in the operation of technological equipment caused by deformation processes can cause significant damage.

Prediction of rock displacements is possible only on the basis of a reservoir deformation model that adequately reflects the geomechanical and geodynamic processes occurring in the subsoil. The article presents a model of reservoir deformation with a drop in reservoir pressure, describes its numerical implementation, and performs calculations of schemes for typical development conditions.

Nadym-Pursk oil and gas region has been one of the main areas for the production of hydrocarbon raw materials since the sixties of the last century. A significant part of hydrocarbon deposits is at the final stage of field development. An increase in gas and oil production is possible subject to the discovery of new fields. The search for new hydrocarbon deposits must be carried out taking into account an integrated research approach, primarily the interpretation of seismic exploration, the creation of geological models of sedimentary basins, the study of geodynamic processes and thermobaric parameters. Statistical analysis of geological parameters of oil and gas bearing complexes revealed that the most promising direction of search are active zones — blocks with the maximum sedimentary section and accumulation rate. In these zones abnormal reservoir pressures and high reservoir temperatures are recorded. The Cretaceous oil and gas megacomplex is one of the main prospecting targets. New discovery of hydrocarbon deposits are associated with both additional exploration of old fields and the search for new prospects on the shelf of the north. An important area of geological exploration is the productive layer of the Lower-Berezovskaya subformation, in which gas deposits were discovered in unconventional reservoirs.

The article briefly describes current understanding of the tectonic regime of study area. It is related to the field geological practice of students of Industrial University of Tyumen. Study area is located at the western edge of Sukhoi Log town, Sverdlovsk region. The relevance of the work is related to the educational process. Information about the geological structure of the Devonian and Carboniferous formations of study area is collected. Some of the most characteristic outcrops of Paleozoic are described. Actual information about the Ural mountain genesis is given. The list of studied objects includes the outcrop of Eifelian reefal limestones near to the Shata waterfall and the ruins of a volcano. According to other researchers, it is a part of Middle Devonian volcanic arc, which was formed over the subduction zone. Here the Ordovician-Silurian Paleouralian Ocean were subducted under the collage of different-age terrains and paleocontinents (Paleozoic basement of the modern West Siberian Plate). A possible section across the Middle Devonian subduction zone of study area is presented. Similar objects associated with the oil and gas are known in the Pre-Jurassic basement of Western Siberia. The limestones and volcanic massifs exposed near the Sukhoi Log are good natural equivalents of the objects of oil and gas exploration in Western Siberia.

The X oil and gas condensate field is located in Parabel district of Tomsk region; the field is large in terms of recoverable reserves. Oil and gas content is confined to Jurassic sediments of Tyumen suite and Vasyugan suite. The reservoirs of the Vasyugan suite are marine and coastal-marine sediments, characterized by alternating sandstones, mudstones, siltstones, clays and exhibit complex internal aging. The productive deposits of the Tyumen suite are of continental origin and are distinguished by significant lithological variability. One oil deposit (J₁¹ stratum), one gas and oil deposit (J₁² stratum) and three gas condensate deposits (J₁^3-4, J₃, J_4-5 strata) were identified in the productive formations. The article analyzes the features of the geological structure and conditions of sedimentation of productive strata. In terms of its phase state and physicochemical proper-ties, the fluid of the J₁¹ deposit is a "volatile oil", phase state of which is close to the near-critical. Reservoirs of productive formations are of terrigenous type, porous, low-permeability, while the oil productivity of the formations is high due to the ultra-low oil viscosity.

Currently, most of the oil fields in the West Siberian oil and gas province are in the final stage of development. There is water-cut in production, a decrease in oil production, and the structure of residual reserves deteriorates. The search and application of the most successful scientific methods and technologies for improving oil recovery in the development of fields is quite an urgent task.

It should be taken into account that hydrophobic reservoirs are common in the oil fields of Western Siberia, and when applying the method of reservoir flooding, this fact should be taken into account and a more detailed approach should be taken to the study of capillary forces to prevent flooding of productive objects. Despite the good knowledge of the West Siberian megabasin, some fundamental issues of its structure and oil and gas potential remain debatable.

The article proposes methods for improving oil recovery of the BS10 formation of the Ust-Balykskoye oil field based on the study of capillary pressures in productive reservoir formations, and provides recommendations for the placement of injection wells. The study of the capillary properties of reservoir rocks will significantly improve the efficiency of exploration and field operations in oil fields.

The use of physical fields of elastic vibrations in methods of increasing well productivity and oil recovery is presented. Borehole hydrodynamic generators of elastic vibrations are the most preferable for performing vibration-wave treatments of the bottom-hole zone. Many generator designs lack reasonable parameters for the generated pressure fluctuations. In this regard, it is necessary a bench and oilfield research practice of hydrodynamic generators various designs with an objective hardware assessment of their operating parameters.

The article is devoted to the problems of operating a booster pumping station in the process of developing an oil field. During operation, the water cut of the product increases, and accordingly there is a need for engineering solutions that ensure the preservation of the throughput of the site, a decrease in the proportion of water in the oil produced, and a decrease in the workload of the operating techno­logical equipment. The practical significance of the article is due to the solution of the above-described problem by designing a booster pumping station and installing a preliminary water discharge in two independent stages, which will make it possible to put into operation first a booster pumping station, then, as fluid production increases, a preliminary discharge of produced water. This solution allows you to maintain the throughput of the site, to prepare field oil for reception at the central points of reception and preparation of oil. When designing and implementing the first stage, connection points, land acquisition, power supply are provided, taking into account the promising stage. The commissioning of the preliminary water discharge unit solves the problem of maintaining the throughput of the pipeline section to the receiving point and, at the same time, is a source of water for maintaining reservoir pressure.

The processes of oil production and preparation involve the formation of a mixture of various hydrocarbon gases, otherwise called associated petroleum gas. Today most of associated petroleum gas produced is burned, causing damage to the natural environment, or used as an energy supply for technological equipment. At the same time, associated petroleum gas can be used as a valuable raw material to produce various chemicals. In the article, the existing methods of APG utilization are considered, and the relatively simplest and most environmentally friendly pyrolysis method is proposed. A comparative analysis of the methods of mixing raw materials was carried out, as a result of which it was revealed that the mechanical and vibration methods are considered the most rational. An experimental installation for processing petroleum associated gas by pyrolysis is presented. The results of experimental studies of the production of carbon fiber nanomaterials and hydrogen are presented. Gas (CH4) obtained by utilization of hydrocarbon-containing waste (oil sludge) was used as a feedstock. The average yield of the target products was 81 l/h for hydrogen and 325.5 g/h for nanofiber carbon.