GEOLOGY, PROSPECTING AND EXPLORATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
The article presents the results of the practical application of an integrated approach to the study of small-sized oil and gas deposits in the interval of terrigenous deposits of the lower Pontus of the southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin using 3D seismic survey. Some geomorphological features of the structure of the pre-Neogene basement of the studied area of the Pannonian Basin of the Republic of Serbia are shown, the relationship between the position of local basement ledges and the localization of new oil and gas deposits in the overlying horizons is analyzed.
Based on the work carried out, a number of signs and features of the seismic material were identified, thanks to which the location of promising structures and associated hydrocarbon deposits was substantiated and coordinates for drilling new wells were proposed. The subsequent implementation of the completed drilling recommendations was confirmed by the results of testing and discoveries of new oil deposits at the Kikinda North-West field.
The discovered deposits of oil and gas at the Kikinda North-West field are associated with the "root" structures of the basement, areas of through faults and subvertical local seismic anomalies. The presented results indicate the need for further comprehensive analysis of 3D seismic survey, drilling data, core studies, well logging, well testing results in order to search for and discover new hydrocarbon deposits based on the identified patterns and approaches.
In the East Uvat district of the South of Tyumen region, five fields were discovered, in which the bulk of hydrocarbon potential is in deposits in upper Jurassic sediments (U1 reservoir of the Vasyugan formation). A feature of the structure of deposits is the block structure of reservoirs, which is reflected in the presence of different levels of the oilwater contact within the same deposit. The construction of such models is complicated by two main reasons: the first is the presence of non-amplitude faults, which are difficult to map in the seismic 3D survey, the second is results of tracer studies, according to which not all faults have shielding properties. In the Eastern regions of Uvat, fault models of the Vasyugan formation are constructed in four stages: at the first stage, based on the 3D seismic data, a framework of small faults is identified, which at the second stage are consolidated into large faults. At the third stage, based on the analysis of tracer studies, they are ranked into permeable and impermeable. At the fourth stage the kinematic nature of faults is studied using paragenetic methods and fit as the model of geodynamic development of the West Siberian Basin. Application of this approach made it possible to refine the model of the U1 reservoir of the Urnenskoye field. The faults model of the Jurassic interval of the section based on 3D seismic data is represented by a network of small faults of different orientations. Morphologically, the reservoir of the U1 reservoir is isolated into three hydrodynamically separated blocks, each of which has an independent oil-water contact level. Analysis of the history of the fault formation showed that during the formation of the sedimentary cover, the territory of the Urnenskoye field was in complex tectonic conditions, which was affected the structure of the modern framework of discontinuous faults.
The search for the most watered intervals in the section of the Kurtamysh horizon is an urgent task for providing the population with drinking water. Well testing data were used for this purpose. The methodology of the work included interpretation of gamma logging curves, normalization of samples obtained under various measurement conditions. The boundary values of the double difference parameter of natural radioactivity are determined. The possibility of using this method to characterize the filtration properties of rocks is evaluated. Statistical processing of data on the operation of water intake wells was carried out. The closest correlations have been established for the flow rate and specific flow rate of wells with a double difference parameter of natural radioactivity. According to the interpretation of the curves of the gamma logging of wells, forecast maps of the most promising intervals of the captage of water intake wells are constructed. The results of the study have methodological and applied significance, and can be used in the design of groundwater intakes.
DRILLING OF WELLS AND FIELDS DEVELOPMENT
As the title implies the article presents the results of the analysis of static models of multiple correlation of the gas recovery factor from geological and technological factors. It is shown that one of the main technological factors that determine the value of the gas recovery factor is the differential pressure drawdown, established in the technological modes of well operation. We have analyzed the reasons for the deviation of the actual and design development indicators (a case study of the Northern Nishan gas condensate field). We considered variant calculations of the field development indicators with a constant well stock, but differing in the drawdown in the wells, and concluded that the maximum value of the gas recovery factor of 82.3 % is achieved with drawdown of 5 MPa. It is shown that as the differential pressure drawdown increases, the gas recovery factor decreases and with a drawdown of 17.5 MPa it is only 39 %, which is confirmed by the actual field development indicators.
Drilling and fastening of wells in hydrogen sulfide-containing highly permeable rocks is often accompanied by concomitant complications, such as absorptions of various intensities and differential sticking of the drilling tool, and with a decrease in back pressure on such formations, manifestations of fluids containing hydrogen sulfide. This degrades the parameters of process fluids and requires the preparation of new portions, causing an increase in the time and cost of well construction. Therefore, the development of drilling process fluids to improve the efficiency of well construction in highly permeable rocks containing hydrogen sulfide is an urgent task. The article presents the results of research and development of a complex of highalkaline of drilling process fluids formulations, which provides high-quality penetration and reliable fixation of highly permeable rocks containing hydrogen sulfide, with practical implementation at the fields of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province under conditions of hydrogen sulfide aggression.
The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the effect of wave technologies on the physico-mechanical properties of finely dispersed montmorillonite suspensions and supersaturated salt solutions in laboratory and field conditions. It is shown that because of wave processing by flow hydrodynamic vortex-type generators with tangential and radial channels and flat-type generators with cylindrical flow bodies, the dynamic shear stress of clay solutions has increased significantly, the number of solution particles with a size of 1-2 microns has increased 2.5 times. This means that the wave treatment of the clay suspension leads to an increase in the colloidal fraction, and, consequently, to an increase in the quality of the suspension, to a decrease in the consumption of clay powder, as well as to a several-fold reduction in the preparation time compared to traditional technology. As a result of wave treatment of supersaturated salt solutions, the degree of dispersion also increased significantly: the size of salt particles in the su-persaturated solution is from 120 microns when using a conventional mechanical stirrer, and after treatment with a wave generator is 1-6 microns. It is shown that the main contribution to the achievement of high efficiency of wave processing is made by nonlinear wave and cavitation processes occurring in the flow part of hydrodynamic generators.
This article studies the flow simulation for liquid unloading using coiled tubing in horizontal gas wells. A semianalytical reservoir model, coupled with a wellbore model under nonisothermal, steady state conditions is used to calculate the distribution of gas velocity along the wellbore. The coupled model takes into account the effect of the wellbore trajectory type on the well performance. The minimum gas velocity for liquid removal is calculated using a model adapted for horizontal gas wells. An algorithm has been presented to estimate the well performance and the liquid unloading for different CT diameters, at various wellbore positions. The simulation results showed that the installation of 53.51 mm or 65.1 mm diameter coiled tubing at the toe ensure a good liquid unloading and optimum well performance.
The article deals with the issues of qualitative isolation of reservoirs, which are saturated with water or hydrocarbons. The conducted scientific research substantiated the method of ranking wells with casing pressure, according to which wells are assigned to one or another hazard group depending on the ratio of the casing pressure to the pressure of surface pipe as a screening column. The studies have shown that the decrease in the hydrostatic column of cement slurry occurs in the process of thickening due to the "hanging" of the slurry on the walls of the well because of the appearance of a structural frame in it. At the same time, the intensity of depressurization of the cement ring increases, and various kinds of channels make appearance, in which the reservoir fluid subsequently moves through the annular space. We propose an algorithm of preparatory measures aimed at determining priority actions in the process of eliminating casing pressure.